Observing Murabahah and Ijarah Accounting in Sharia Cooperatives: PSAK 102 and 107 as Reference

. The emergence of Islamic financial institutions cannot be avoided from the very high development of Islamic accounting. One example of a sharia financial institution is the Hospital Cooperative of RSUD Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar which has turned into a sharia cooperative. Hospital Cooperative RSUD Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar provides sharia financing to its members using murabahah and ijarah contracts. In carrying out its accounting activities, has the Hospital Cooperative of RSUD Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar in accordance with PSAK 102 regarding murabaha accounting and PSAK 107 regarding ijarah accounting. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method, by analyzing documents and conducting in-depth interviews to strengthen the research results. The results of this study indicate that in the accounting treatment of murabahah and ijarah contracts, RSUD Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar has not complied with PSAK 102 and 107. Regarding PSAK 102, this can be seen from the absence of recognition of murabahah assets and deferred murabahah margin at the time the contract was agreed and PSAK 107 the absence of recognition of ijarah income when the ijarah receivables were paid but still included in the loan receivables. Through this research it is expected to contribute to the Cooperative Hospital RSUD Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar in developing cooperatives with sharia principles and in accordance


INTRODUCTION
Accounting is a tool that contains information intended for decision makers regarding a company or organization in the form of reports which will later be known as financial reports (Hery, 2015: 6).Accounting then experienced developments, especially in Indonesia which was based on the development of Islamic teachings which resulted in the formation of Islamic financial institutions.The emergence of Islamic financial institutions, of course, requires further developments in accounting so that it is in line with Islamic teachings which ultimately underlies the birth of Islamic accounting (Apriyanti, 2018: 5).
Sharia accounting can be known, namely knowledge related to recognition, measurement, and the existence of rights and obligations that must be fairly disclosed and the existence of accountability or accountability based on Islamic teachings to Allah SWT (Sitorus and Saparuddin, 2022: 808).
The existence of sharia accounting can be seen for the first time when there was a standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Indonesian Accounting Association, namely PSAK 59 which is used as a reference in sharia banking accounting.this can mean that sharia accounting has been implemented by sharia financial institutions, namely sharia banking (Muljono, 2015: 41).Islamic banking itself is of course in transactions based on sharia principles.The existence of activities in an Islamic financial institution based on sharia principles, of course, must be in accordance with sharia, because it is impossible for the transactions recorded to be not in accordance with sharia.Then the development of thinking about sharia accounting which is shown through the existence of transactions that are accepted based on sharia principles in the international world.
Sharia accounting is not only applied by Islamic financial institutions such as Islamic banking but also implemented by micro financial institutions such as Islamic cooperatives.The existence of sharia accounting that is applied by Islamic financial institutions, of course, to be able to see correct and reliable financial information, it can be done with the existence of a standard.For Islamic financial institutions, the standards set by the Indonesian Accountants Association's Sharia Financial Accounting Standards Board (DSAKS IAI) are Sharia Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) which consist of several Sharia Financial Accounting Standard Statements (PSAK).PSAK Syariah is a standard that is intended as a guideline for entities that carry out sharia transactions, Islamic financial institutions are entities whose business sector is engaged in financial services based on sharia principles.Sharia principles are principles that eliminate elements that are prohibited in Islam.Then replaced with traditional Islamic contracts or sharia principles which are a system of norms based on Islamic teachings.As well as prioritizing profit sharing and several muamalah contracts.One example of an Islamic financial institution is a sharia cooperative (Mardani, 2017:2).
One example of an Islamic financial institution that can carry out its cooperative operational activities based on Islamic Financial Accounting Standards is sharia cooperatives.Islamic cooperatives themselves are cooperatives whose activities or businesses are based on sharia principles in the form of providing financing, investment and savings based on the principle of profit sharing (Sofian, 2018: 753).One of the cooperatives that uses sharia principles in its activities is the Sharia Hospital Civil Servant Cooperative (Koperkit Syariah) Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar.Prof. Hospital Cooperative Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar is known to have provided two sharia financing contracts, namely a murabahah contract, an ijarah contract and most recently a multi-service ijarah contract and a take over promo.
Murabahah financing, namely financing provided by an Islamic financial institution using a murabahah contract in the sense that there is a sale and purchase agreement for goods between the seller (the Islamic financial institution) and the buyer by stating the purchase price and then adding the desired profit by the financing provider which is usually known as margin (Hakim and Anwar, 2017:3).
Ijarah financing, namely financing provided by Islamic financial institutions using an ijarah contract in the sense that there is a power of attorney to use goods or services within a certain time and there is a lease payment for the goods or services but the ownership of the goods or services does not transfer from the original owner.As well as multi-service ijarah financing, namely financing provided with the provision that there is an obligation for members to pay off their debts or obligations in accordance with the agreed contract where one party provides funds in the form of a multi-service transaction using an ijarah contract (Dariana and Ismanto, 2020: 3).
Based on the results of the author's interview, where the author conducted an interview with one of the managers of the Sharia Cooperative named Mr. Efrizon, S. Sos. which was held on Wednesday 01 December 2021.From the results of the interview it was found that Koperkit Syariah is a sharia cooperative that provides services in the form of sharia financing where the provision of this financing is the main business of the Koperkit Syariah RSUD Prof. DR MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar.The sharia financing provided consists of murabahah, ijarah and ijarah muttahiya bit tamlik financing.The financing provided to this cooperative uses a wakalah contract.First of all the customer informs the amount of funds to be borrowed and the designation of these funds, whether through a murabahah, ijarah or ijarah muttahiya bit tamlik contract.
In the sharia PSAK murabahah contract that regulates this transaction, namely PSAK 102 where the cooperative and the customer murabahah receivables are recognized at the acquisition cost plus a margin (agreed profit), murabahah profits are recognized when goods or assets have been purchased by the customer by attaching proof of the purchase transaction in the form of a receipt.Likewise with ijarah contracts, and ijarah muttahiya bit tamlik PSAK which regulates this is PSAK 107 where the transaction will be recorded, namely where it is recognized at the acquisition cost plus ujrah (agreed profit).Then during the financing agreement between the sharia cooperative and the customer, Koperkit Syariah regarding deferred murabahah margins is not recognized by Koperkit Syariah on murabahah contract financing and does not recognize the object of the ijarah contract at the cost of acquisition at the time the contract takes place.This is when viewed from PSAK 102 and 107, it is assumed that they are not in accordance with PSAK 102 and PSAK 107 which are part of SAK Syariah.
The application of Sharia PSAK is expected to help the management of the Sharia Koperkit of Prof. Hospital.Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar carries out related transactions or providing financing through murabahah contracts, ijarah contracts and ijarah muttahiya bit tamblik in accordance with established standards for Islamic financial institutions such as cooperatives that apply sharia principles in their activities, namely PSAK Syariah.Then through the implementation of PSAK Syariah it can also show Koperkit Syariah transparency and accountability both to its members and to the wider community.So that with this there will be confidence in the implementation of Koperkit Syariah.Based on the phenomenon above, the writer is interested in further researching about "INVISITING MURABAHAH AND IJARAH ACCOUNTING IN SHARIA COOPERATIONS: PSAK 102 AND 107 AS REFERENCE"

METHODS
This study uses a research method, namely descriptive qualitative, namely research that aims to provide an overview of a phenomenon that occurs (Zakariah, 2020).The research was carried out with the initial observation stage at the Prof. Hospital Cooperative.Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar, then collects supporting data related to the research topic, namely the implementation of financing to cooperatives using murabahah and ijarah contracts by using PSAK 102 and 107 as a reference then conducting data analysis by analyzing the application of accounting for murabahah and ijarah contracts in cooperatives using PSAK 102 and 107.If the information presented in the applied accounting records does not clearly describe the sharia cooperative, then the researchers conducted interviews with the management of the syariah kit to get more accurate information.So that with the implementation of these stages, at the end of the study a conclusion can be drawn.
This research was conducted at the sharia financing unit of the Public Servant Cooperative of the Sharia Hospital (Koperkit Syariah) Prof. Hospital.Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar.The data sources used by the authors in this study are primary data sources, namely data sources obtained directly from the field, namely through interviews and secondary data sources obtained in the form of documents, both written and photographic documents, namely murabahah and ijarah accounting records carried out by managers sharia kit (Ibrahim, 2020:69-70).Data collection techniques that the authors do through interviews and documentation.Then the data analysis technique is to collect data related to the application of sharia murabahah and ijarah Koperkit accounting then analyze the application of sharia murabahah and ijarah Koperkit accounting based on PSAK 102 and 107 then conduct in-depth interviews regarding information that is not presented in the accounting records.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sharia Hospital Civil Servant Cooperative (Koperkit Syariah) RSUD.Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkaris a cooperative established with the aim of improving the welfare of its members.Cooperativelocated on Jalan Bundo Kanduang, Tanjung Emas District.Koperkit sharia consists of three business units, namely a sharia financing unit, a complementary pharmacy unit and a printing unit.The main business of Koperkit Syariah is the Islamic financing unit.The sharia financing unit provides financing products, namely murabaha, ijarah and take over promos.Koperkit syariah in its financing operations uses the Matrix application.Through this application, all accounting processes from applying for financing to repayment of loans by members will be recapitulated in the application.

PSAK 102: Murabahah Accounting
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 102 is one of the Sharia PSAKs which is part of the Sharia Financial Accounting Standards (SAK).PSAK 102 is a standard that regulates murabaha contracts, namely in it regulates how recognition and measurement, presentation and accounting disclosures are made between the parties to the transaction, whether it is Koperkit Syariah RSUD.Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar as the seller and member of the RSUD Sharia Koperkit.Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar as the buyer.
Koperkit Syariah RSUD.Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar is known to have recorded murabahah transaction transactions carried out in cooperatives.Recording of murabahah contract transactions is carried out using an application called Matrix.Regarding journaling, it has also been carried out by Koperkit Syariah.Of course, in this case, to be able to see the application of PSAK 102 to a sharia entity can be seen from the accounting treatment of the sharia entity.
PSAK 102 regarding murabaha accounting for sharia entities includes recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure.The purpose of these four things is recognition, for example related to how the recognition of murabahah assets, recognition of murabahah margins, presentation of how sharia entities present murabahah receivables at the net realized value.As well as how to disclose murabahah receivables in the statement of financial position.

a. Analysis of Murabahah Transactions in Koperkit Syariah
Koperkit Syariah provides financing to its members in the form of murabahah, ijarah, ordinary, special, and take over promo financing.Regarding ijarah financing, financing that is often provided is pure ijarah financing and for 2022 Koperkit Syariah provides financing other than pure ijarah and IMBT, namely multi-service ijarah in the sense that there are many types of financing such as parties, paying for college children and others.It is known that the cooperative's financial position report presents financing receivables as a whole for the financing provided by the cooperative.In terms of ijarah financing, take over promo, ordinary, special, and ART, this is because murabahah, ijarah, take over, ordinary, special and ART financing are combined when presented in the financial statements.Regarding the financing of ART, the cooperative no longer provides this financing.The following is an analysis of murabahah accounting treatment based on PSAK 102.

1) Recognition and Measurement
In the statement of financial position it is known that there is no explanation for the contra account, namely deferred murabahah margin as explained in PSAK 102.This account should have been presented in the Koperkit Syariah financial position report.later it was found out that after an interview was held with the manager of the cooperative, namely Mrs. Rahmi on June 4, 2022, Mrs. Rahmi stated that "at the time the murabaha contract was carried out between the sharia cooperative and the members, where the members applied for murabahah financing, the manager did not recognize murabahah assets , because Koperkit Syariah uses a wakalah contract in providing murabahah financing.
Based on the explanation given by Mrs. Rahmi where the syariah kit does not recognize murabahah assets at acquisition cost due to an additional contract, namely a wakalah contract.Even so, Koperkit Syariah should continue to recognize murabahah assets even though they are represented by the customer to buy the assets needed.So that the journaling that can be done by Koperkit Syariah when money (funds) are handed over to customers is as follows:

Wakalah receivables
Xxx Cash Xxx Furthermore, Mrs. Rahmi explained that Koperkit Syariah recognizes murabahah receivables and administrative expenses, tabarruq funds and business savings paid by members, followed by submitting receipts to the cooperative as proof of asset purchases.It should be when there is a notification from the customer to the syariah kit that a murabahah asset has been purchased as evidenced by a receipt.So Koperkit Syariah should recognize the existence of murabaha assets.Therefore, the journaling that can be done by Koperkit Syariah is:

Wakalah receivables Xxx
Then Mrs. Rahmi stated that when the receipt was handed over by the customer to Koperkit Syariah, then Koperkit Syariah acknowledged that the murabaha contract had been agreed between Koperkit Syariah and the customer.After the contract is agreed upon, then the Koperkit Syariah will journalize as follows: Furthermore, one example that can be seen from the financing practices that occur in Koperkit Syariah is like the financing provided by the cooperative manager to Mrs. Rina Susana, where Mrs. Rina Susana applies for murabahah financing, with the aim of buying goods so that because the contract is murabahah, the margin set at 0.82% per month.At the time of the murabahah contract between the manager of Koperkit Syariah and Mrs. Rina, the cooperative only recognizes murabahah receivables at the cost of acquisition, does not recognize deferred murabahah margins, so that the deferred murabahah margin account does not appear in the statement of financial position.Should be based on PSAK 102, recognition of the occurrence of financing with a murabaha contract, namely: In the journal above, murabahah receivables are the acquisition price plus the murabahah margin that has been agreed between the managers of the Koperkit Syariah Prof. Hospital.Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar with members or customers who apply for financing, because in theory it is explained that the selling price is the acquisition price plus the desired profit in the sale and purchase.So that the selling price directly becomes murabahah receivables for Koperkit Syariah.although previously it was known that the cooperative used a wakalah contract in purchasing its murabahah assets.Regarding the deferred murabaha margin, it will be reduced every month by recognizing it as a murabahah margin.Furthermore, when installment payments are made by members of the cooperative, the Koperkit Syariah recognizes it, namely with the journal as follows: Based on the general journal that has been made by Koperkit Syariah above, it can be seen that it is different from the explanation previously described.Where previously it was known that at the beginning of the murabaha contract, the management of the cooperative did not recognize deferred murabahah margins, but when installment payments were made by members of the cooperative, the cooperative immediately recognized it as margin income or in a general journal made by the cooperative as a loan service. .So based on PSAK 102, Koperkit Syariah should make the correct acknowledgment as follows:

2) Presentation
Koperkit syariah RSUD Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar is an Islamic financial entity so that in terms of presentation of ijarah income on its assets it is presented on a net basis after deducting related expenses such as depreciation expenses, maintenance expenses, repairs and other costs.In the sharia cooperative, the presentation of ijarah income is presented in the amount of net income without deducting expenses or losses.Because previously it was known that the Koperkit Syariah represented members to buy the items needed or could be in terms of financing colleges, school financing, hospital financing, and party financing.So that if there are expenses or losses that are obtained by members, they are borne by these members.This was previously based on an agreement made at the beginning of the contract, that expenses related to ijarah assets were borne by the members.Then it is also supported by the existence of a wakalah contract carried out between the syariah cooperative and the members concerned.So these members pay directly to the agency so that there are no depreciation expenses, maintenance expenses, repair expenses borne by the sharia cooperative.

3) Disclosure
In the Sharia Koperkit of Prof. Hospital.Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar regarding the disclosure of the acquisition price of its ijarah assets, it is known that it has been disclosed to members so that the sale and purchase transactions are in accordance with what is stipulated in PSAK 107.

CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate thatregarding the application of PSAK 102 concerning murabahah accounting at the Sharia Hospital Civil Servant Cooperative (Shariah Koperkit) Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar is known to use a wakalah contract so that there is no recognition of murabahah assets and then it is known that the sharia cooperative has not fully implemented murabahah accounting in accordance with PSAK 102, this can be seen in the absence of recognition of deferred contra account margin murabahah this is because at the beginning of the murabahah contract the cooperative did not there recognizes deferred murabahah margin income.Then murabahah receivables in the syariah kit are presented at the amount of the principal receivables, without presenting net financing after deducting related expenses such as depreciation expenses.This is because the related expenses are borne by the customers or members of the cooperative.
Regarding the application of PSAK 107 concerning Ijarah Accounting in Sharia Hospital Civil Servant Cooperatives (Shariah Koperkit) Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar has not fully implemented ijarah accounting in accordance with PSAK 107, this can be seen in the absence of recognition of prepaid rent or at the start of the ijarah contract but when installments are paid the cooperative also does not make journal entries related to recognition of ijarah income.Where in cooperatives when paying installments they should recognize the existence of ijarah income not only loan receivables.Then regarding loan receivables, it should not be loan receivables but ijarah receivables, of course this is not in accordance with PSAK 107.Furthermore, related to the end of the

Tabel 3 .
Journal agreed murabahah contract in the koperkit syariah